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danger model
The Danger model is a theory of how the immune system works. It is based on the idea that the immune system does not recognize between self and non-self, but rather between something that might cause damage.
==Brief History of Immunologic Models==
The first immunologic model was called the Self Non-self model and was suggested by Burnet in 1949. It supposes that the immune system distinguishes between self, which is tolerated, and between non-self, which is attacked and destroyed. According to this theory the chief cell of the immune system is the B lymphocyte, which is activated when it recognizes any non-self structure. Later it was discovered that in order to become activated, the B lymphocyte needs help from a CD4+ T helper cell, and that this T helper cell in turn also required a co-stimulatory signal from an antigen-presenting cell (APC) to be activated. The Self Non-self model developed according to these findings. Because APC cells are not antigen specific and are also capable of processing self structures, in 1989 Charles Janeway proposed a new theory, the so called Infectious Non-self Model. It is based on the idea that APCs are activated via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which recognize evolutionary distant conserved patterns. These pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on such organisms as bacteria are recognized as infectious non-self, whereas PRRs are not activated by non-infectious self. However, none of these models can explain non-cytopathic virus infections, graft rejection or anti-tumor immunity.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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